Miriam Frankel<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A do t\u00eb ishe nj\u00eb person tjet\u00ebr n\u00ebse do t\u00eb ishe rritur diku tjet\u00ebr? Nj\u00eb trup\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb e n\u00eb rritje k\u00ebrkimesh po p\u00ebrpiqet t\u2019i jap\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje k\u00ebsaj pyetjeje t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr mbi natyr\u00ebn kundrejt edukimit (nature vs nurture) dhe \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb kjo p\u00ebr identitetin ton\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ishte nj\u00eb pasdite e nxeht\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb fshat t\u00eb vog\u00ebl pran\u00eb Kolkata, n\u00eb Indi, dhe t\u00eb rriturit po flinin. Un\u00eb dhe kush\u00ebrira ime ishim ulur n\u00eb dysheme duke ngr\u00ebn\u00eb oriz t\u00eb fryr\u00eb me vaj mustarde, kur ajo u kthye nga un\u00eb dhe m\u00eb pyeti: \u201cA \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb q\u00eb njer\u00ebzit n\u00eb Suedi han\u00eb lop\u00eb dhe derra?\u201d Un\u00eb, rreth 10 vje\u00e7e n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb, ndjeva turp teksa pohoja me kok\u00eb. \u201cPo han\u00eb edhe qen e mace?\u201d vazhdoi ajo. Ishte nj\u00eb pyetje plot\u00ebsisht logjike. N\u00ebse mund t\u00eb hash nj\u00eb gjitar me kat\u00ebr k\u00ebmb\u00eb, pse jo nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Duke qen\u00eb se isha rritur n\u00eb Suedi, ndon\u00ebse me nj\u00eb n\u00ebn\u00eb indiane, kjo ishte di\u00e7ka p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn nuk kisha menduar m\u00eb par\u00eb \u2013 vegjetarianizmi ishte i rrall\u00eb n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb, dhe f\u00ebmij\u00ebt suedez\u00eb ishin m\u00ebsuar t\u2019i shihnin lop\u00ebt si burim ushqimi. Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, kush\u00ebrira ime ishte nj\u00eb dashuruese e zjarrt\u00eb e kafsh\u00ebve dhe shpesh shp\u00ebtonte krijesa q\u00eb i perceptonte n\u00eb rrezik. Ajo nuk hante mish.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vizitat e mia n\u00eb Indi ishin plot me momente t\u00eb tilla, q\u00eb m\u00eb b\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb kuptoj sa shum\u00eb kultura form\u00ebson m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn si mendojm\u00eb, ndiejm\u00eb dhe sillemi. N\u00ebse do t\u00eb isha rritur n\u00eb Indi, a do t\u00eb kisha nj\u00eb sistem tjet\u00ebr moral? Nj\u00eb sens tjet\u00ebr humori? \u00cbndrra, hobi dhe aspirata t\u00eb ndryshme? A do t\u00eb isha ende \u201cun\u00eb\u201d?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
K\u00ebto jan\u00eb pyetje me t\u00eb cilat shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt dhe filozof\u00ebt jan\u00eb p\u00ebrballur prej shekujsh, dhe tani nj\u00eb fush\u00eb e re studimi \u2013 psikologjia nd\u00ebrkulturore \u2013 po fillon t\u00eb hetoj\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjet e mundshme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Natyra kundrejt edukimit<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u00eb nj\u00eb kuptim, ADN-ja e \u00e7do qenieje njer\u00ebzore \u00ebsht\u00eb unike dhe struktura e saj baz\u00eb nuk ndryshon sipas vendit ku jetojm\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Por vet\u00ebm ADN-ja nuk na b\u00ebn ata q\u00eb jemi, thot\u00eb Ziada Ayorech, gjenetiste psikiatrike n\u00eb Universitetin e Oslos. E lindur n\u00eb Ugand\u00eb, ajo u zhvendos n\u00eb Kanada n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn trevje\u00e7are, kaloi pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb jet\u00ebs n\u00eb Mbret\u00ebrin\u00eb e Bashkuar dhe m\u00eb pas u transferua n\u00eb Norvegji. \u201cKur mendoj p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha vendet ku kam jetuar dhe m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn si m\u00eb kan\u00eb ndikuar, intuitivisht e ndiej se \u00ebsht\u00eb e pamundur t\u00eb mos ken\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb ndryshim,\u201d thot\u00eb ajo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
P\u00ebr ta studiuar k\u00ebt\u00eb, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt p\u00ebrdorin shpesh studime mbi binjak\u00eb identik\u00eb (q\u00eb ndajn\u00eb pothuajse t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn ADN) dhe binjak\u00eb jo-identik\u00eb (q\u00eb ndajn\u00eb mesatarisht gjysm\u00ebn e gjenomit). N\u00ebse binjak\u00ebt identik\u00eb kan\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb gjasa t\u00eb ndajn\u00eb nj\u00eb tipar sesa ata jo-identik\u00eb, kjo sugjeron se tipari ndikohet m\u00eb shum\u00eb nga gjenetika sesa nga mjedisi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nj\u00eb analiz\u00eb e madhe e vitit 2015, q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshiu rreth 50 vite studime mbi 17,000 tipare t\u00eb ndryshme n\u00eb 14 milion\u00eb binjak\u00eb n\u00eb mbar\u00eb bot\u00ebn \u2013 nga arsimi dhe bindjet politike te \u00e7rregullimet psikiatrike \u2013 arriti n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimin se gjenetika shpjegon mesatarisht vet\u00ebm 50% t\u00eb dallimeve mes njer\u00ebzve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201c\u00cbsht\u00eb kombinimi i natyr\u00ebs dhe edukimit q\u00eb na b\u00ebn ata q\u00eb jemi,\u201d thot\u00eb Ayorech. \u201cNuk mund ta kishim t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin kombinim n\u00eb nj\u00eb vend tjet\u00ebr.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Disa tipare ndikohen m\u00eb shum\u00eb nga mjedisi sesa t\u00eb tjerat. Inteligjenca (IQ) \u00ebsht\u00eb mesatarisht mbi 50% e trash\u00ebgueshme, megjith\u00ebse gjenetika luan rol m\u00eb t\u00eb madh n\u00eb mosh\u00eb madhore sesa n\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebri. Tiparet e personalitetit jan\u00eb rreth 40% t\u00eb trash\u00ebgueshme \u2013 pra m\u00eb t\u00eb ndikuara nga mjedisi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ayorech, megjith\u00ebse ekstroverte, thot\u00eb se Norvegjia nuk favorizon shprehjet spontane q\u00eb ajo njihte m\u00eb par\u00eb. N\u00eb rrug\u00ebt e Oslos \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb pak e zakonshme t\u00eb nis\u00ebsh bised\u00eb me nj\u00eb t\u00eb panjohur. \u201cN\u00ebse krahasoj versionin tim n\u00eb Norvegji me at\u00eb n\u00eb Mbret\u00ebrin\u00eb e Bashkuar, jam m\u00eb pak ekstroverte tani,\u201d thot\u00eb ajo. Megjithat\u00eb, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebrjes s\u00eb saj gjenetike, nuk ka gjasa ta humbas\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht natyr\u00ebn e saj t\u00eb hapur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sipas Ching-Yu Huang, psikologe nd\u00ebrkulturore n\u00eb Universitetin Komb\u00ebtar t\u00eb Tajvanit, p\u00ebrvojat tona krijojn\u00eb dhe forcojn\u00eb rrug\u00eb nervore n\u00eb tru. \u201cPo t\u00eb ishe rritur n\u00eb Tajvan, do t\u00eb ishe nj\u00eb person tjet\u00ebr,\u201d thot\u00eb ajo. \u201cTruri q\u00eb ke tani do t\u00eb ishte shum\u00eb ndryshe, edhe me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn ADN.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Psikologjia nd\u00ebrkulturore<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vivian Vignoles, psikolog nd\u00ebrkulturor n\u00eb Universitetin e Sussex-it, thekson se dikur besohej se psikologjia njer\u00ebzore ishte universale dhe se rezultatet e studimeve n\u00eb SHBA dhe Evrop\u00eb vlejn\u00eb p\u00ebr gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn. Por k\u00ebrkimet nd\u00ebrkulturore treguan se nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb k\u00ebshtu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Studimet sugjerojn\u00eb se n\u00eb Per\u00ebndim njer\u00ebzit priren t\u00eb jen\u00eb m\u00eb individualist\u00eb, duke e p\u00ebrkufizuar veten p\u00ebrmes tipareve personale (\u201cjam i zgjuar\u201d, \u201cjam i sjellsh\u00ebm\u201d), nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb Japoni njer\u00ebzit shpesh e p\u00ebrkufizojn\u00eb veten p\u00ebrmes roleve shoq\u00ebrore (\u201cjam baba\u201d, \u201cjam student\u201d).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u00eb nj\u00eb studim me skanime t\u00eb trurit, per\u00ebndimor\u00ebve iu aktivizua zona e vet\u00ebdijes p\u00ebr veten kur mendonin p\u00ebr veten, nd\u00ebrsa pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsve kinez\u00eb u aktivizohej e nj\u00ebjta zon\u00eb edhe kur mendonin p\u00ebr n\u00ebnat e tyre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nj\u00eb studim i vitit 2022 q\u00eb krahasoi testet e personalitetit n\u00eb 22 vende zbuloi se vendet me kultur\u00eb q\u00eb thekson vet\u00ebdisiplin\u00ebn \u2013 si Shqip\u00ebria, India, Gjermania, Franca, Hong Kongu dhe Kina \u2013 sh\u00ebnonin m\u00eb lart n\u00eb ndjenj\u00ebn e detyr\u00ebs dhe organizimit. Nd\u00ebrsa vende me kultura m\u00eb egalitare dhe individualiste \u2013 si Kanadaja, Zelanda e Re, Australia, Mbret\u00ebria e Bashkuar, Norvegjia \u2013 shfaqnin nivele m\u00eb t\u00eb larta pajtueshm\u00ebrie dhe hapjeje ndaj p\u00ebrvojave t\u00eb reja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Megjithat\u00eb, studiuesit paralajm\u00ebrojn\u00eb se k\u00ebto rezultate duhen marr\u00eb me rezerv\u00eb. \u00cbsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb ndash ndikimin e kultur\u00ebs, personalitetit, ekonomis\u00eb dhe faktor\u00ebve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, shum\u00eb studime bazohen n\u00eb vet\u00eb-raportim, q\u00eb jo gjithmon\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb i sakt\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
K\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrimi filozofik<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pyetja n\u00ebse do t\u00eb ishim i nj\u00ebjti person n\u00eb nj\u00eb kultur\u00eb tjet\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb thell\u00ebsisht filozofike.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nj\u00eb sondazh i vitit 2020 me filozof\u00eb anglishtfol\u00ebs tregoi se 19% mb\u00ebshtesin iden\u00eb se \u00e7do individ \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb organiz\u00ebm i caktuar biologjik \u2013 rezultat i nj\u00eb sperme dhe nj\u00eb veze specifike \u2013 dhe se mendimet apo kujtimet nuk e p\u00ebrcaktojn\u00eb identitetin. Sipas k\u00ebtij k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrimi, edhe n\u00ebse kujtesa do t\u00eb fshihej, do t\u00eb mbeteshe i nj\u00ebjti person.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Rreth 14% mb\u00ebshtesin teori q\u00eb e lidhin identitetin me shpirtin, jo me biologjin\u00eb. Nd\u00ebrsa t\u00eb tjer\u00eb argumentojn\u00eb se identiteti formohet p\u00ebrmes mjedisit shoq\u00ebror \u2013 nj\u00eb teori e njohur si konstruktiviz\u00ebm social.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Filozofi Philip Goff beson se ekziston nj\u00eb \u201cunitet themelor\u201d i qelizave dhe grimcave q\u00eb na b\u00ebn ata q\u00eb jemi, pavar\u00ebsisht vendit ku rritemi \u2013 por q\u00eb ndryshon me kalimin e koh\u00ebs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cNuk ka nj\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje t\u00eb prer\u00eb,\u201d thot\u00eb ai, n\u00ebse \u201cai person n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrethan\u00eb krejt tjet\u00ebr do t\u00eb isha un\u00eb apo jo\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
P\u00ebr ata q\u00eb jan\u00eb rritur mes dy kulturave, \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb mos ndiejn\u00eb se jemi n\u00eb nj\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb madhe produkt i mjedisit ton\u00eb shoq\u00ebror. Edhe pse \u00ebsht\u00eb e pamundur ta di sakt\u00ebsisht kush do t\u00eb isha n\u00ebse do t\u00eb kisha kaluar gjith\u00eb jet\u00ebn n\u00eb at\u00eb fshat pran\u00eb Kolkat\u00ebs, jam pothuajse e sigurt se do t\u00eb kishte dallime t\u00eb dukshme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00a9\ufe0fz\u00ebrionline<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Miriam Frankel A do t\u00eb ishe nj\u00eb person tjet\u00ebr n\u00ebse do t\u00eb ishe rritur diku tjet\u00ebr? Nj\u00eb trup\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb e n\u00eb rritje k\u00ebrkimesh po p\u00ebrpiqet t\u2019i jap\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje k\u00ebsaj pyetjeje t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr mbi natyr\u00ebn kundrejt edukimit (nature vs nurture) dhe \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb kjo p\u00ebr identitetin ton\u00eb. Ishte nj\u00eb pasdite e nxeht\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":15123,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-15122","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-jeta"},"yoast_head":"\n